Essay on Childhood Memories of a Family Camping Trip

The smell of campfire smoke lingers in my nostrils. The breeze moves through the trees, creating a melody for all to hear. The bubbling sound of a brook can be heard far in the distance. Peace and tranquility settle upon my soul, and I feel that everything is right. Nature wraps its arms around me and I feel safe and comforted. I soon hear the sounds of childrens laughter and the whooshing of bicycles going by. I finally open my eyes and pull myself out of my sleeping bag. Goosebumps cover my flesh immediately, and I hurry to change into my jeans and sweatshirt. Once I am dressed in my camping attire, I decide to venture out to the cool, crisp mountain air. I take a deep breath and inhale the all-encompassing freshness of morning at†¦show more content†¦The sweet smells of hot chocolate and coffee fill the air. Everyone sits around the table and becomes immersed in their own conversations. As I sit at the table, I stare off to the west at the picturesque mountains surrounding me; the mountains that look like God hand-painted just for me. The blue of the mountains blend in perfectly with the green of the trees, and the sun gleaming across them creates a heavenly glow. This is truly a place covered in Gods fingerprints. I look back at the people surrounding me. I hear my grandpas laughter after my Uncle Rocky tells another of his crazy jokes. I see my grandmas content, peaceful smile. I look into my moms eyes and see enlightenment. I feel so lucky to be surrounded by the people I love most in a place that words cannot even come close to describing. This is my Venice, my Paris, the place I see in my dreams. The day passes in leisure and contentedness. The biggest concerns are the pesky flies and the occasional bike wreck. With a little lethal smell of bug spray, Neosporin and Band-Aids, even these concerns vanish. 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A Case Study Of Commonwealth Bank Australia

Question: A case study of Commonwealth Bank Australia. Answer: Introduction: Every organization needs to be keenly focused towards the importance of promotional and marketing strategies. These strategies help an organization to utilize the existing skills of the employees of the organization to develop a creative approach towards the sales and servicing to the customers. In fact, promotion and marketing are the brainstorm plan that an organization includes in its strategies. Here lies the importance of designing and developing a marketing and promotional plan that will lead to the success of the organization. Identifying the best opportunity available for the organization and focusing in the right direction is what a successful strategy meant for (Thorat, Kishor Meghe, 2013). Promotional activities require understanding the target consumers to connect with them. Having a well planned and thought-out marketing plan provides a feasible solution to connect with the clients. The final stage of marketing is developing a suitable marketing mix. The paper is based on evaluation of the best marketing mix for the service providing organization, Commonwealth Bank. Theoretical approach towards the importance of marketing and the various ways by which marketing can be improved will be made. A detail analysis of the marketing variables popularly known as the 8Ps of marketing will be done (Skarmeas, Leonidou Saridakis, 2014). Importance of carrying out corporate social responsibilities and the role played by the social media in the contemporary marketing scenario will also be highlighted. Various strategic issues faced by the bank will be analyzed and based on that certain recommendations will be proposed for improving the marketing strategy of the service sector organization (Prez Del Bosque, 2012). Importance of branding and positioning: Positioning a product or service in the market where the product is operating is the most crucial approach that should be undertaken by an organization. As opined by Vijat, (2015), creating a brand help an organization to stand out from the crowd or the existing competitors. An effective brand positioning should answer the query of the consumer that how and why the particular organization is better than the rest. It has been stated by Ribeiro, (2015), that if the product or service of an organization is different from the rest, it must be known to the consumers. As argued by Mengting and Zhang, (2015), if the promised service is not provided by the company then it will definitely upset the expectation of the consumers. However, contemporary situation has made it really tough to ensure the position of a brand due to intense competitions and availability of various substitutions. CBA has to focus greatly on the creation of a brand image in the market because it is only by this means that the organization can be differentiated from other banks of Australia. Identification of marketing mix: Marketing mix is the most crucial thing that an organization has to take in account at the time marketing a product. Evolved from the 4Ps of marketing, it has been evolved to 7 or 8n Ps of marketing. It is expected that the organizations while planning their marketing strategies should focus on these mentioned variables of marketing mix (Brejning, 2012). It is to be mentioned here that the marketing mix is prepared depending on customer characteristics, product attributes, types of organization, competition, marketing environmental forces, characteristics of intermediaries and other such factors (Deffner, Metaxas Arvanitidis, 2013). The 8Ps of marketing can be described here in connection with the selected organization, Commonwealth bank Australia. 8Ps of marketing: Product: It is the exact product or the service that is offered by the organization or company. In case of CBA, the products have been mentioned earlier. These are insurance, bank accounts and other services that falls under the service of the banks. Prices: Price is the factor that decides the purchase decision of the consumer. As pointed out by Ali, Ilyas and Rehman, (2016), that todays consumers are much focused in their choice and are smart buyers. With the availability of information handy, it has become much convenient for the consumers to select from a wide range of product, comparing it with the others. Thus, the most eligible and recognized product in terms of price is usually selected by the consumer at the time of purchasing. In case of CBA, since it is a bank no such factor related to pricing is of utter importance. However, in charging the bank rates for the loans can be made to a negotiated level. Promotion: In the age of globalization and utter competition, it is the promotional activities that are helping an organization to differentiate it from the others. Thus, it is expected that every organization must take great initiative towards the promotional activities of the product or service. Promotional activities are both traditional and new (Korir, 2013). Traditional activities are those that belong to the activities of advertisements in television, hoarding or other such media. The advancement of the new media and the social networks has changed the scenario of marketing. More and more companies are focusing on this medium due to its cheap accessibility and far reaching effect. Thus, the importance of these media cannot be neglected (Skarmeas Leonidou, 2013). In case CBA, the organization is deficit towards using the new and the digital media. It is expected that the management of the organization must focus on this new media for the sake of fighting with the competitors. Place of distribution: The area or region of operation of a particular firm or organization is called the place of distribution. At the time of planning the marketing strategy, it is expected to get complete knowledge of the places of distribution where the consumers of the organizations are present. The decisions and activities help to make the products or services available at a particular market for the target customers (Dutta, 2012). When this is achieved, it helps in targeting the consumers well and the success rate of the advertising campaign increases. For CBA, the organization operates in major parts of Australia particularly in Sydney. Thus, the place of distribution for the organization is the metropolitan cities of Australia. Partnership: Partnership calls for any kind of merging or collaboration of a company with other company or companies. This step is usually taken by an organization to increase their market domination or market share in the region of operation. As suggested by Larsen, Wagner and Hartmann, (2015), a merger or acquisition is indeed helpful for those organizations who find it difficult to operate in a highly competitive market. For the sake of payment clearing, the bank has partnership with AUD and NZD. The partnership also helps in other functions such as providing credit facilities, corporate, retail and migrant referrals as well. People: By the means of people in the marketing mix, the consumers of the organizations. These are the target people of the organization (Berg Bjrner, 2014). All the marketing activities must be focused on these people. Thus, it is important to identify these people. For a bank, the people are the existing persons who have their accounts in the bank. Again, it can be said that the focused group of people who are the main target of the bank for engaging them as the account holder or for any other purpose are the people of the bank. The main group of people is those belonging to the service sector of the country. Processes: It is the way of carrying out the promotional activities. This is called process because the approach made to attract people is a continuous process that is done by the means of promotion and advertisements (Martnez del Bosque, 2013). All the advertising activities or the promotional techniques used by the company fall under the process. Physical evidence: It is important because in case of a service sector, the consumers stay directly in contact with the service provider. If the ambiance of the place is not suitable for the consumers, then a negative image is created among the consumers. In case of a bank, the expectation of the consumers increases much higher than any other sectors of service (Dinnie, 2015). Thus, it can be said that the ambiance of the bank must be very pleasing. There should be adequate number of security guards and other protective measures to be highlighted in the procedure of the operation of the bank. Role played by social media: The new media environment has changed the marketing scenario dramatically. Traditional media are losing grip. People are more reliable towards digital media. This has made the marketers to re-evaluate their marketing strategies. The social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter are gaining importance day by day. There are about 7 million active Facebook users and the numbers are increasing (Williams et al., 2013). Thus, any kind of promotiona1 activities carried on this media will be much successful if focus towards the target group is kept cautiously. It is expected that the bank should focus on this new and digital media rather than restricting its promotional activities in the traditional means (Chou, 2014). The organization must create page in Facebook and update each happening and operation in the social network sites. Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on marketing: Public relations increases credibility, resulting in word of mouth, low cost or no cost, combat effectively with negative perception. For service sector, word of mouth is the most important tool of promotion. This can be achieved if the organization focuses on carrying out corporate social responsibilities in the market of their operation (Navickas et al., 2014). There are various ways of conducting the CSR activities such as bringing out Annual reports of the company with correct and useful information, by event sponsorship in major programs where it is expected that the reached and the success of promotion will be achieved. Other means of promotion are by giving elaborative business articles by the means of Press releases, conference, and feature articles (Kim Moon, 2016). The above mentioned activities are highly useful for the organization. it is also recommended that if the CBA adopt these methods then the bank can be more recognized among the people in the region of Australia. External environment analysis of Commonwealth Bank: Services provided by the bank include financial services in almost every sector of market such as retail or institutional sector, superannuation, investment and broking services and even insurance. The service organization is Australias multinational bank. The external analysis where the bank operates can be analyzed by the means of PESTLE analysis: Political Australia is a federal government. It one of the commonwealth nations of the world. Economic Australia is one of the largest mixed economies. GDP of the country id $AUD 1.62 trillion. Australian economy is mainly dominated by the service sector representing 68% of total GDP. Social 78% of the population belongs to the mid-aged group. Both men and women are service oriented working individuals (Delcourt et al., 2013). Technological Technological advancement is easily visible in the kind of work they do. Inventions and discoveries are achieved at a regular basis. People are much addicted towards technology. Environmental The country is environmentally very rich with the availability of a number of resources. Marketing strategies of Commonwealth Bank: Marketing approaches made by the organization is very traditional and are not at all focused towards using the new media or the digital media for the sake of publishing their services. Recent approaches have been made towards sending personal messages by the means of mails or personal messages. However, these strategies cannot be long lived because the market situation is changing and more and more competitors are entering in the market. The organization is more focused towards words of mouth publicity due to their services provided to the account holders and other clients. The management team of the organization is highly active in terms planning their strategic roles looking into the various instances of marketing and other criteria. However, these strategies are to be modified depending upon the contemporary situation. Contemporary issues faced by Commonwealth Bank: The bank is facing problems in funding and creation of more number of customers for the bank. The only way to improve the situation of a bank is to attract more numbers of customers who can bring financial help to the organization. The marketing world is changing. In order to keep pace with the competitors of the market, it is expected to keep up with various innovative and creative marketing approaches. In case of issues and problems faced by the organization, most of it is related to the promotional criteria of the organization. This promotional approach is becoming a vital issue to fight against the competitors. It has been pointed out by the managing head of the bank that if certain steps are not taken then it will not be far away that the bank would become a toast. It has been opined by Gounaris and Boukis, (2013) that it is only by the means of innovative and creative approaches that more customers can be drawn towards the organization. Recommendations: Commonwealth Bank operates both as a service and product provider and has been operating in the market of Australia with much prosperity. However, due to intense market pressure, the bank has to focus on building a better marketing strategy to grab more consumers. Certain recommendations can be made in this respect: Identifying the products and services: The organization deals with all kinds of banking services and also sells insurances. Thus, it is recommended to focus on better schemes and offers that would differentiate the products offered by the organization. Managing existing products: For services, customers are likely to prefer to deal with the producers directly. So focusing in managing the products is indeed required. In case modification of the existing products is also required in terms of ascetic, quality and quantity. Promote by the means of non-verbal communication: In case of a service sector mainly a bank, word of mouth becomes very useful tool for the organization. This is only possible when the consumers using the service are fully satisfied. However, the importance of non-verbal communication cannot be denied. Thus, it is expected that the organization must focus on other means of advertisements such as hoarding and on the place promotion by posters or kiosks. Loyalty programs: Interaction between the management and the employees helps to build the relationship between them more rigid. It must not be forgotten that staffs are internal customers and building a good relationship with them is equally important as done with the external customers. Satisfied and committed employees lead to long term success of the organization. Technological approach: The organization has to focus on the technological approaches. There are no doubts that most of the working of the bank is based on technology. ATM designs are made in a way that it becomes more acceptable to the consumers. Privacy: The business done with the bank has to be kept private. Although there is no deficit from the side of the organization towards keeping things private, but layout to protect the pin has to be focused. Again, telephone calls to be kept private. All these activities will automatically increase the confidence of the consumers towards the organization. After marketing programs: Even after marketing the programs, it is expected that the organizations must focus on certain other things as well to retain more customers. Offering better and distinct offers from the competitors existing in the market is indeed important. Innovative marketing ideas: The success behind buzz marketing and viral marketing cannot be denied. For the success of rapid promotional activities, it is recommended that the organization must focus on these kinds of marketing as well. Conclusion: An effective marketing strategy can serve as a progress map for an organization and help in developing the entire business. It is expected that every organization must identify the coherent aspect of marketing their products and use their resources very carefully. Valuing the shareholders, managing the reputational risk and utilizing the impact of new media marketing are the important things to be addressed at the time of carrying out the promotional and marketing plan of a particular organization. The strategies and the issues faced by the bank have been recognized. By the means of proper promotional activities, the firm can achieve much success in the market and can compete with the competitors of the market. Focus must be made towards customer satisfaction and marketing activities using the new and digital media. These activities are bound to produce fruitful outcomes for the organization. Reference list: Ali, M., Ilyas, M., Rehman, C. A. (2016). Impact of consumer centric marketing mix elements on consumer buying behavior; an empirical investigation in context of FMCG industry.Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,5(5), 30. Berg, P. O., Bj_rner, E. (Eds.). (2014).Branding Chinese Mega-cities: Policies, Practices and Positioning. Edward Elgar Publishing. Brejning, J. (2012).Corporate social responsibility and the welfare state: the historical and contemporary role of CSR in the mixed economy of welfare. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Chou, J. J. S. (2014). Sustainable development or the resource curse?: the role of CSR at Newmonts Ahafo Mine in Ghana. Deffner, A., Metaxas, T., Arvanitidis, P. (2013). Developing place marketing pilot plans: The cases of Rostock and Kainuu.Anatolia,24(2), 241-263. Delcourt, C., Gremler, D. D., van Riel, A. C., van Birgelen, M. (2013). Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer satisfaction and loyalty: The mediating role of rapport.Journal of Service Management,24(1), 5-24. Dinnie, K. (2015).Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Dutta, K. (2012).Brand Management: Principles and Practices. Oxford University Press. Gounaris, S., Boukis, A. (2013). The role of employee job satisfaction in strengthening customer repurchase intentions.Journal of Services Marketing,27(4), 322-333. Kim, H. K., Moon, J. Y. (2016). A study on the Work Process of Hotels and Residence Hotels effect on the Employee Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction.Journal of the Korea Convergence Society,7(2), 93-99. Korir, E. C. (2013).The role of service marketing and innovation in the Development of meeting, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (mice) industry: a case study of Kenyatta International Convention Centre (KICC)(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Larsen, F., Wagner, R., Hartmann, A. (2015). Brands and Branding in the Non-Profit Sector-Theoretical Overview and Discussion.Scientific Publications/University of Economics in Katowice, 189-200. Martnez, P., del Bosque, I. R. (2013). CSR and customer loyalty: The roles of trust, customer identification with the company and satisfaction.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 89-99. Mengting, X., Zhang, X. (2015). Value creation through entrepreneurial marketing: A qualitative case study for Swedish milk industry. Navickas, V., Navikaite, A., Abeyrathne, U., Jayarathne, S., Kl, S., Chen, Y. L., ... RC, M. . (2014). Methodological aspects of customer satisfaction: measurement and models.Human Resources,3(8). Prez, A., Del Bosque, I. R. (2012). The role of CSR in the corporate identity of banking service providers.Journal of Business Ethics,108(2), 145-166. Ribeiro, R. (2015). Os 8P s do Marketing Contemporneo (The 8p's of Contemporary Marketing).Available at SSRN 2613693. Skarmeas, D., Leonidou, C. N. (2013). When consumers doubt, watch out! The role of CSR skepticism.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 1831-1838. Skarmeas, D., Leonidou, C. N., Saridakis, C. (2014). Examining the role of CSR skepticism using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.Journal of Business Research,67(9), 1796-1805. Thorat, S. B., Kishor, S. B., Meghe, B. (2013). Social Media Marketing Mix: Applicability Review for Marketing in Education.International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research,59, 16. Vijay, V. (2015). A Study of Everett Rogers Adaptation Factors Acting On Green Products, While Establishing a 9ps Framework in Green Marketing Mix.IJAR,1(12), 170-174. Williams, C. C., Windebank, J., Baric, M., Nadin, S. (2013). Public policy innovations: the case of undeclared work.Management Decision,51(6), 1161-1175.

Gender Roles Throughout History Essay Example

Gender Roles Throughout History Essay Part one Gender roles of diverse cultures have differed immensely throughout history. The evolution of gender roles first began in the Paleolithic Age and then began to transform with the transformation of the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age. Women in Mesopotamia, India, Greece, China, and Rome were not treated as equals and viewed as inferior to men. Cultures like Egypt and Persia had similar laws for women and treated them with more respect out of any of the other cultures. The Paleolithic Age was responsible for the introductions of many vital aspects of our world today such as, technology, agriculture, and gender roles. The Paleolithic culture was based on a hunter and gatherer society, which had a great influence on the gender roles of males and females. For the most part, the men were responsible for the hunting, mainly due to their physical build. Genetically speaking, men are normally larger in size, stronger, and more aggressive in comparison to women. Despite the large size and strength differences, both males and females were treated with equality. Women contributed to the Paleolithic society by being responsible for the gathering of edible plants and berries. Although gathering plants and berries is considered to be less dangerous and fairly easy when being compared to hunting, gathering was considered to be one of the most important contributions to Paleolithic society. When men went off to hunt, there was no guarantee that they would always be able to bring back enough meat, if any, to feed the community. The plants and berries gathered by the women were responsible for feeding the community daily, especially when the men were unsuccessful in their hunting trip. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles Throughout History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles Throughout History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Roles Throughout History specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Without the roles of both the women and men, the community would not have been able to survive. The Neolithic Age was the transformation and progression from the Paleolithic Age lifestyle. The transition of the different era’s influenced the gender roles of men and women, changing them based on the development of their new lifestyle. The main gender role difference between the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age was male domination. Although men became much more dominant of the two genders, women were still treated with respect. Because of the size and strength advantage men had over women, men were responsible for most of the hard manual labor, while women were given roles more suited for their weaker and nurturing nature. Men started to realize that instead of hunting and killing animals, they should capture, domesticate, and breed the animals because it would be more beneficial to the community in the long run and provide a more stable lifestyle. The women also realized the importance of stability and collected seeds for an assortment of plants and fruits so they could invest their time in farming plants instead of gathering them. Because of the gathering role and responsibility women played in the past in the Paleolithic Age, women were very familiar with plants. Women understood how plants grew and the factors and environment needed in order to be successful in growing them, which is why women were responsible for the start of plant farming. Since communities did not have to relocate so often based on animal migration, and men and women did not have to spend several tiring hours searching for animals to hunt or food to gather, people had more time on their hands. This extra time allowed women to concentrate more on looking after their families and children, cooking, cleaning, and sewing. This led to men virtually being responsible for all the difficult labor. Unlike in the Paleolithic Age where men and women were equal and relied on each other for survival, men no longer needed to depend on women as much. Most of the responsibility for survival was placed on the men which is what ultimately led to their dominance. The religions and laws developed in Mesopotamia prevented women from asserting control in society. Elite classes such as priests and warriors manipulated religious beliefs to say male Gods were more valuable and dominant in comparison to female Gods. This led to justifying male domination over females in the Mesopotamian society. Men were in control and held the power, allowing them to abuse their wives, sell them into slavery to pay off debts, and partake in consensual sexual relations even if married, while women were drowned to death as punishment for committing adultery. In Mesopotamia, women were mostly responsible for tending to the children and household. Women did not have the power to make life decisions for themselves and instead, relied on the men in their family to make those decisions for them. In Egypt, although men were the dominant gender in society, women were treated with great respect, which led to a very stable and successful society. The Egyptians believed that the goal of life was happiness and viewed home and family life as the main source of it. Egyptian law basically treated women as equals for the most part. Women were allowed to hold positions of power, own property, own slaves, receive an education, and even borrow money. Although Pharaohs were normally men, certain circumstances allowed for women to hold the same title. The Egyptians believed that marriage and family were very important aspects in life. They believed that unconditional love and kindness were vital in a marriage and thought that husband and wife should always treat each other with respect. In regards to family, unlike many cultures that viewed children as another mouth to feed or another worker, Egyptians truly enjoyed their children and experienced much joy in their families. In India, public figures and important positions were given to men. Although women did not have any public authority or receive any formal education, they were still considered to be important to society by having much influence when it came to family life and were supposed to be treated with respect from their family and husband. Sometimes it was difficult for women to take of the household due to their young age. Beginning as a child, women were taught that they were supposed to devote their lives to men. Very young child brides were quite common in India but ceremonies would not take place until the child had gone through puberty. Also, according to the Laws of Manu, women were allowed to inherit property. Women could â€Å"influence affairs within their families but enjoyed no public authority† (Meridians, page 98). The Laws of Manu state, â€Å"deities delight in places where women are revered, but where women are not revered all rites are fruitless,† (Meridians, pg 78). The Code of Hammurabi does not give a lot of freedom to women. Also, the Code is very strict when it comes to marriage. The Code allowes fathers and brothers to arrange marriages and punishes cheating wives by sentencing them to death. Different from the Code of Hammurabi, the Laws of Manu stresses the importance of husbands revering their wives and keeping them happy (Meridians, P. 78). China was a patriarchal society where men were considered to be the leader of the household. Although women were not normally seen as public figures, women were considered to be very valuable in the home and family. In the beginning, women were actually considered to be extremely important because the female side passed power and the line of succession. However, there was one woman, Fu Hao, who stood out from all the rest during Shang times. Hao was in charge of her own estate and oversaw the sacrificial ceremonies that most men oversaw (Bentley Ziegler, pg 124). In Perisa, family and clans were considered to be very important. The Persian culture was considered much more laid back in comparison to many others because classes were free and people were given the freedom to practice any religion, pursue any profession, and even borrow money to start their own business. Unlike most cultures, women were able to enjoy social and legal freedoms and were a very active part of society. Women were treated with equality and respect. Females were permitted to take part in religious ceremonies and occasionally even serve as the priest. Their were no restrictions on relationships or marriage- young people in relationships were told to practice honesty and loyalty, and to always be faithful and share each others happiness (Notes on Iran, P. 1) . When selecting a husband, women were instructed to be wise but free to choose who to marry on their own (Notes on Iran, P. 1). Many women took on jobs of weaving textiles and were given portions of grain, wine, beer, and occasionally meat from the imperial and temple workshops who employed them (Traditions Encounters, P. 170). If the King passed away and the price was too young to rule, the kings wife was allowed to take the throne. Pourandokht was the first Persian Queen and was thought of throughout history as kind hearted and wise (Notes on Iran, P. 1). Persians tended to have a close knit family and parents were encouraged to teach their children right and wrong and the importance of equality. In Athens, Greece, women were seen as inferior to men, not very intelligent, and thought of to have strong emotions. Women had guardians who were their closet male relative or husband. The guardian system was set up because Athenian philosophers, other than Plato, thought that women needed to be protected from themselves and society so they could not cause any damage to themselves or others (Women in the Ancient World, P. 2). Women were not allowed to own any property other than clothing, jewelry, and slaves, and we only allowed to purchase inexpensive items. In order for a woman to gain citizenship, she had to marry a male citizen. Fathers were responsible for arranging marriages between their young daughters and older men who were normally in their twenties. Like Indian culture, the girls married after they went through puberty. The job of a wife was to have children and take care of their house. Wives were never supposed to leave their homes unless to attend special events or funerals. If a married woman was seen outside of her home without it being any of the above occasions, people considered her to be a prostitute, slave, or so poor that she had no choice but to work (Women in the Ancient World, P. 2). Women from Sparta were different from much of Greece because they were able to own and inherit land. Spartan women were known to be bold and run the household, but were not supposed to be seen as too dominant over their husbands in public. The main purpose of marriage for people of Greece was not for love, but for the purpose of breeding (Women in the Ancient World, P. ). In Rome, women were constantly under the authority of men. Roman law insisted that women had to obey their fathers until they married, then in which case, had to obey their husbands. Even if a woman was widowed, she was still supposed to have some kind of male supervision of her finances (Women in the Ancient World, Rome). Roman men greatly valued marriage and treated their wives with great respe ct. Although women were never allowed to hold office, several men listened to the advice of their wives when not in public. Women did not enjoy working and only did so if they were lower class and had to (Women in the Ancient World-Rome). The Paleolithic and Neolithic differed in gender roles due to the change in their lifestyles. In the Paleolithic Age, women and men were considered equals because they had to rely on each other equally in order to survive. The transition to the Neolithic Age caused men to dominant women since most of the responsibility for survival was placed on the shoulders of the men. Men no longer needed to rely on females as much as they had to in the Paleolithic Age. Mesopotamian culture treated women with very little respect. Men were allowed to abuse their wives, sell them into slavery, and even commit adultery. If a Mesopotamian woman ever committed adultery, she would be sentenced to death. The Egyptian culture and Persian culture are most comparable to one another in the sense that they embraced family, love and marriage and treated women with immense respect and equality. In India, ever since women were children, they were always taught that they were supposed to devote their lives to their husbands. Indian women had arranged marriages and married after they went through puberty, much like the Athens in Greece. In China, although women were normally not seen as public figures, they were considered to be very important in home and family life. Women of Athens, Greece, led very strict lives and were considered to be very weak minded and unintelligent. Like the Indian culture, they had arranged marriages and married mainly to breed offspring. Spartan women different from Athenian women in the sense they Spartan women were very as very bold and not weak minded at all. In Rome, women were under the constant authority of men. However, despite this, Roman men took the advice of their wives when given in private, and were dominant when in the public eye. Barry. Role of Women in Ancient Persia. Notes on Iran. Web. 21 Oct. 2009. Bentley J. H. Ziegler H. F. (2008). Traditions Encounters: A global perspective on the past . New York:McGraw-Hill[pic] Meridians: Sources in World History. (2009). Pearson Custom Publishing[pic] Thompson, James C. Women in the Ancient World. Women in the Ancient World. Nov. 2005. Web. 22 Oct. 2009.

The nature and the purpose if the quest

The nature and the purpose if the quest The Changing Nature of the Quest Endevour for Perfection Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is a description of a seeking that was taken by Sir Gawain, one of the knights of the Round Table. The quest itself has few major parts, where hero is being called, tested along the way, and at the end he returns. Indeed, Sir Gawain, the hero, is on the journey of adventure with the explicit purpose to uphold the code of chivalry. The violation of the code would mean a loss of honour. Still, while following the hero on his odyssey from Camelot to the Green Chapel, the real nature of the quest and some other implicit purposes, nonetheless important, are becoming visible. Apart from heroism and with evident human concerns, Sir Gawain is a hero, but also a human in strives for perfection. The standards of perfection are set by the Church and the King and, apparently, the highest one is set by Gawain himself. Under these influences the quest is being shaped and turned from heroic towards the spiritual type, with the clear purpose to maintain the! Surely, the main purpose of Sir Gawains journey is presented at the very same beginning, whereas he of all beardless children (240), accepts the challenge to exchange blows with the unexpected green guest in a year and the days time. Gawain modestly points out that My body, but for your blood, is barren of worth; -and for that this folly befits not a king, - And tis I that have asked it, it ought to be mine (241). Therefore, in order to obtain the code of chivalry exercising the courage and loyalty towards King, Gawain is set on the quest. But it is also important for Gawain to fulfil his oath for if he avoids it he shall be counted a recreant knight (243). At this point, the quest is heroic for Gawa

Analysis of brand tribalism

Analysis of brand tribalism In the view of earning profit, marketers should develop as deeper, more affective relationship with their customers as they can. Some scholars reveal that competitive advantage can no longer be sustained on the basis of product attributes and perceived position. Today’s Consumers are now developing unique and vibrant relationships with their brands (McAlexander et al 2003). And strong brand relationship has also been characterized as cults or tribes (Cova and Cova, 2002). In this sense, the brand gathers passionate consumers in a structured social relationship, binding members together through a shared social and interpersonal experience (Cova 1997, Muniz and O’Guinn 2001). Brand managers are advised to go beyond the common marketing theory to establish a more stable relationship with the group of tribal people. In this case, the discussion of the way to make stable relationship with these tribal members is receiving more and more attention. The aim of this paper is to analyze the definition of brand tribe and some relevant literatures to evaluate how marketers engage with the phenomena of brand tribe to build a long term relationship with tribes. Overview Concept of Brand tribalism â€Å"A brand tribe can be defined as a social network of varied persons -who are linked by a shared belief around a brand; its members are not simple consumers, they are also believers and promoters† Patrick Dixon (2010) Says. A brand tribe does collective action and therefore it is implicated as post-modern business. The emergence of brand tribalism represents tribal consumptions. Some scholars define the concept of tribal consumption as â€Å"Tribal Based Views of Brand†. Cova (1997) says that Brand tribalism emerges because there is a group of consumers who adore this brand emotionally connected by some values and usage of consumption, using the social â€Å"linking value† of products and services to create a community and express identity. Ac cording to Bagozzi’s (2000) concept of international social action, social associations are the most important influence on an individual’s consumption decisions. In terms of this point, the phenomena of tribes can be presented as an expression of both self and social identity. Furthermore, Maffesoli (1996) establishes that consumer social identities and consumption choices shift depending on situational and lifestyle factors. So, the phenomena of Brand tribalism can also be understood and accessed through their shared beliefs, ideas and consumption. Due to this point, one individual consumer who has different categories of identity, may be involved in several different brand tribes at the same time. Practical Analysis Socially interconnected groups have been found to act loyally as a group because personal relationships are maintained through shared, regular consumption (Gainer, 1995). Brand just likes an art and consumers just like its diverse audiences bounded by a shared passion for â€Å"performance†. Meanwhile, studies of consumer-consumer relationships and their influence on individual consumption have focused on brand communities (Berger et al., 2006; Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001; Schouten and McAlexander, 1995). This research expands the focus on social relationships in the consumer behavior area and looks into the dynamics of a group of consumers focusing on one brand (brand tribe) for marketing opportunities.

Farmer you could look at how crops emerged and transformed societies Essay

Farmer you could look at how crops emerged and transformed societies - Essay Example Eurasia and Mesopotamia have contributed to the bulk of world changing developments in the history of man. The question therefore begs as to why this area was the birthplace of so many of the world’s greatest inventions. Eurasia is located on a temperate zone on the Mediterranean Sea as opposed to other climates such as Africa and the Americas which combine a myriad of different climates. This means that vegetation that would thrive in Eurasia would then be more viable since they are subjected to similarities in climate disease and seasons (Butler). A good example of this is the instance of corn cultivation in Mexico, which did not spread to Peru due to their different climatic conditions. Mesopotamia on the other hand is regarded as the birthplace of agriculture from whence it then spread throughout Eurasia. Mesopotamia is also endowed with favorable climatic conditions that would favor the development of agriculture. The Middle East climate usually consists of cool rainy winters and hot dry summers which made crops adapted by having fast growing and maturing periods due to the short rainy seasons (Lienhard). The plants, which grow that fast usually, are small plants devoid of woody stems that produce cereals in abundance. Mesopotamia also boasts of a variety of self-pollinating crops some of which cannot be found anywhere else on the planet. This means that traits which may be good for farming, will be maintained in the crop since there is no cross pollination (Vasey 97). For instance, the attribute of the cereals and pea pods shattering to distribute their seeds as much as possible is the attribute of some not to do so. This would help people to harvest the non-sha ttering varieties and grow more of them the following season and less of the shattering varieties. The geographical accessibility and good communication of Mesopotamia also meant that new technology could easily and conveniently be

Professional associations influence on HR practitioner Essay

Professional associations influence on HR practitioner - Essay Example uch, the human resource team employed by a company or an organization should be efficient and attentive to the rights, privileges, as well as the personal needs of the workers of the organization in order to foster a good working environment at the company to promote productivity and efficiency within the operations of the company (Bogardus, 2009). Aside from the skills acquired through learning and professional experience, HR officials should always be on the lookout for new skills, talents and expertise that comes about from leading professional associations and journals within the market. These assist the HR practitioners from getting up-to-date information on the performance of their tasks and duties as HR Managers, thereby being efficient and effective in their practice. Some of the leading professional associations in Human Resources that influence the practice and trade of a HR Practitioner in Australia include the Australian Human Resource Institute, the HR Monthly, and similar publications from consultancy firms (Bondarouk & Olivas-Lujan, 2013). The Australian Human Resource Institute is a professional association of Human Resources professionals who study, review and make recommendations on the current needs and demands of a HR practitioner in the Australian Human resource market. As such, a HR practitioner gains abundantly from reading the findings and reports published by this institute, as these reports touch on the sensitive issues of their professional practice that enable them improve and enhance their professional practice. For instance, the latest publication of the Australian Human Resource Institute provided a methodology of how to undertake appropriate HR Strategies and Planning within the organization in order to promote efficiency and productivity within the company (Cheung-Judge & Holbeche, 2015). HR strategies incorporate an effective assessment of all the HR needs and demands of an organization, and as such, getting the right personnel