What Is Terrorism - 780 Words

Despite the many attacks in France, little change has occurred in the deterrence of future attacks, the Islamic State promulgating these attacks is best understood as a terrorist organization based on radical Islamic views because of its ties to Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden and Zarqawi. According to BBC News there have been over 16 attacks in France since 2012 and 31 terror attacks over all against the West to an article by Brooke Singman from Fox News World. While France is a western democracy it is also a â€Å"bearer of western secular liberalism that has also put the nation in the spotlight.† (theguardian) this belief conflicts with those who practice Islam which the religion and government are one in the same. France has separated these†¦show more content†¦It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.† (un.org) it is an outlet for each country to talk and resolve issues both globally and within their own states. While some states propose bills that would help end the terror in France the UN collectively shoots them down claiming that any move against a religion based terror organization is a human right violation and is blatant discrimination. This prevents actual action against those that want to commit harm against the people of France. Who are the people that want to commit these acts of terror against the French people? In 2014 the Islamic State officially came into the global scene being governed by both Islamic and Sharia Law. With global networks in place it began its recruiting around the world with internet, video and paper propaganda. The Islamic State can be traced back to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi who pledeged allegiance to Osama Bin Laden in 2004 after the US led invastion of Iraq. This alliance was then named Al-Queda until Zarqawi’s death in 2006 when it became the Islamic State (IS). It was not unitl 2013 when the IS force of both Iraq and Syria merged creating what we know now as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS). ISIS main goal is to â€Å"eradicate obstacles to restoring Gods rule on Earth and to defend the Muslim community, or umma, against infidelsShow MoreRelatedThe Is Terrorism, And What Makes It Offensive?1492 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish language, what would it be? Chanc es are that it’s something you wouldn’t say in front of your parents. This is because when we think of something offensive, we think of explicit or malicious language, which goes against how our parents raised us (ethics). However, bad words are not always subject to this specific and often limited criteria. A word, its evolution and its offensiveness are based on many different factors. Perspectives are a major factor with terrorism. Terrorism can be tracedRead MoreWhat Is the Right Response to Terrorism?1685 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism is an actual and relevant threat to national security that requires an incisive strategy to fight it. Along this paper, I demonstrate that torture is not the right solution to respond to terrorism, whereas surveillance might be a better and acceptable proposal. Several scholars and politicians have either widely sustained or contested both issues. In my opinion, torture does not ensure success in fighting terrorism while it inflicts unbearable sufferance. I provide six arguments to demonstrateRead MoreWhat Is Continuing To Combat Terrorism?1979 Words   |  8 PagesContinuing to combat terrorism is an ongoing process all over the world. The United States and many other countries are seeing a rapid increase in the amount of terror attacks that happen right at home. Strenuous effort has been deployed in stopping terror attacks however they have been largely unsuccessful as attacks can happen at any given moment and often without notice. Terrorism is continuously increasing through the use of technology which allows extremists to recruit, train, and deploy theirRead MoreIt Is Extremely Difficult To Define What Terrorism Is,1204 Words   |  5 PagesIt is extremely difficult to define what terrorism is, and it is difficult to determine what may influence an individual to form or join a terrorist organization. A definition of ter rorism that is often used is that terrorism is the threat or use of violence in order to pursue political and social objectives. By using violence, terrorist groups are often able to coerce their desired result because they leave the people and the authorities of the regions they attacked in fear. In the years after SeptemberRead MoreWhat Is The State Sponsor Of Terrorism?727 Words   |  3 PagesState Sponsor of Terrorism† a â€Å"Terrorist Act by Prof Michel Chossudovsky Al Qaeda is a threat to America due to its attack on the nation. The attacks were being used by the Bush administration and its friend; British to solicit for public support of the agenda of the global military. The Islamic terror network was an initiative towards the creation of intelligence apparatus (Chossudovsky, 2013). This military and the intelligence services triggered mass casualty events which led to civilian casualtiesRead MoreWhat Is the Connection Between Religion and Terrorism?1903 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the Connection Between Religion and Terrorism? Recalling the last twenty years, what is observed is the resurfacing of the drive for terrorism all due to one’s religious belief. One can accept that there is a logical link between religion and terrorism. The link being complicated in nature, aims attention to the role religion plays in violence being legitimized. Religious terrorism is considered to be a type of political violence that is driven by the outright faith that a deity has authorizedRead MoreWhat It Started As A Protest Against Terrorism920 Words   |  4 Pages Brief 1 What it started as a protest against of Basher al-Assad dictatorship regime in Syria would end five years later in one of the biggest civil war in the world history. Military forces have committed different war crimes, including assassination, torture, rape, force disappearances and deliberate arrests against the opponent forces, also so the called â€Å"rebels†. Opposition supporters eventually began to take up arms, first, to defend themselves, and later, to expel security forces from theirRead MoreWhat Is the Right Response to Terrorism? Essay1810 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism response, like any issue concerning domestic politics and international affairs, can be faced analyzing either causes or effects. Terrorists are usually motivated by political beliefs. Even if terrorists can take advantage of other particular situations such as economic difficulties and religious beliefs, the main purposes are always political. That being said, the right response to terrorism is pr evention. Solving the problem at the root cause is achievable through stable political regimesRead MoreTo What Extent Today is the Terrorism Challenge Unique?2764 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿To What Extent Today is the Terrorism Challenge Unique Literature Review This literature review looks at the question of terrorism from a top-down standpoint. In the three sections the act of terrorism itself is discussed, then who the leading terrorist organizations are and have been, and finally what significant events have taken place. The final issue is whether terrorism is, to some extent, a means, eventually, to a more positive form of change. Terrorism Researchers agree that terrorismRead MoreWhat Has Been The Effect Of Globalization On Terrorism?.3382 Words   |  14 PagesWhat has been the effect of globalization on Terrorism? The aggravation of global problems at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has become a distinctive aspect of the present stage of the development of the world community. Global problems largely determine today s features of international relations and the main directions of world politics. One of the key global problems that international community currently faces is international terrorism. A lively discussion about the growing influence

Discrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace

It is the continuing policy of NADC, its subsidiaries, divisions, affiliates and majority owned joint ventures (the â€Å"Corporation†) to afford full equal employment opportunity to all employees and applicants regardless of their race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, status as an individual with a disability, military or protected veteran status, height, weight, familial status, marital status or any other protected condition or characteristic in conformity with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. In accordance with this policy, all personnel decisions, including but not limited to those relating to recruitment, hiring, training, promotion, compensation, benefits, transfers, education and tuition†¦show more content†¦Support for this policy from each supervisory and non-supervisory employee is expected and is necessary to maintain an environment free from discrimination or harassment. Any applicant or employee who requires an ac commodation in order to perform the essential functions of the job must contact the Owner and request such an accommodation. NADC and the individual requesting the accommodation will engage in an interactive process to determine an appropriate reasonable accommodation. The individual requesting the accommodation should specify what accommodations are needed to perform the job. NADC will investigate the requested accommodation and will identify possible accommodations, if any, that will eliminate the limitation. If the accommodation is reasonable and will not impose undue hardship, NADC will make the accommodation. The Owner and CFO are responsible for the supervision and administration of this policy. It is the policy of NADC: EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY POLICY 1. To recruit, hire, train and promote, into all job classifications, the most qualified persons without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, status as an individual with a disability, military or protected veteran status, height, weight, familial status, or marital status, or any other protected condition or characteristic in conformity with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations and to preserve theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Discrimination Within The Workplace919 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Discrimination is defined as making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs to rather than on individual merit (definition 2). Discrimination does not just relate to just one meaning but several, and it can be described in many ways. This action is not only offensive but hurtful as well. Denying any individual a job because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender is an example ofRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Within The Workplace1079 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment Discrimination in Indonesia As stated on wikipedia.org, discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated. This could be done directly or indirectly. Direct discrimination could arise from punishments and indirect discriminationRead MoreDiscrimination Within The Workplace Of The Workforce854 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination in the Workforce Immigrants come from distinct parts around America, many of their cultures are from around the world. The United States clearly states in the constitution that everyone, despite their cultural background, has the freedom of speech. Categorization by characteristics from ancestral experiences sets many families and workers apart from American workers by how they identify themselves from their place of origin. Despite differences, individuals who travel to America wantRead MoreSex Based Discrimination Within The Workplace Essay1821 Words   |  8 PagesSex-based Discrimination In the workplace Women make up 49.5% of the population in the world (The World Bank, 2016). On April 08, 2014, President Obama had announced a national statistic during his State of the Union address. â€Å"Today, the average full-time working woman earns just 77 cents for every dollar a man earns...in 2014, that s an embarrassment. It is working.† -President Obama, remarks on equal pay for equal work, April 8, 2014 Women work an extra 68 days to earn the same pay as a male.Read MoreEssay on Age Discrimination Within The Workplace1993 Words   |  8 Pages Age discrimination in employment, also known as job ageism, is a complex issue which impacts on many areas of Government policy and can have many implications for individuals themselves. Age discrimination can occur across the whole spectrum of employment and can affect both younger and older people. It can affect a person’s chances of getting a job, as well as their chances of promotion or development when in work. Age can also be a factor when employers decide who should be selected for terminationRead MoreDiscrimination And Tension, Stereotyping, And Communication Problems Within The Workplace Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages #1 How can we overcome obstacles to diversity such as mistrust and tension, stereotyping, and communication problems in the workplace? Mistrust and tension usually result from lack of contact and lack of familiarity. These can be overcome, to a large degree, by bringing individuals together in both formal and informal settings so they learn to better understand and appreciate members ofRead MoreDiscrimination Within The Workplace, Race, Religion, National Origin And Disabilities1372 Words   |  6 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace comes in many forms: age, sex, race, religion, national origin and disabilities. All of these are in protected groups by law. The text Business Ethics defines job discrimination as occurring when (1) an employment decision in some way harms or disadvantages an employee or job applicant; (2) the decision based on a person’s membership in a certain group, rather than on individual merit; and (3) the decision rests on prejudice, false stereotypes, or the assumptionRead MoreLiterature Review : The United States Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pageshistory in terms of discrimination to wards women in the workplace. Such discrimination only increases when the events of childbirth are taken into account. When women give birth, they often opt to stay lengthy amounts of time with the members of the family as opposed to remaining in the workplace for the duration of their maternity leave. Thus, there is increased rates of discrimination towards these women specifically. Often mothers within the workplace receive the most discrimination as opposed to same-genderedRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† ac cording to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace1452 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction As a general statement diversity refers to the prevention of discrimination in conjunction with the improvement of equality. It’s about valuing differences and inclusion; this is the act of spanning such areas as ethnicity, age, race, culture, sexual orientation, physical disability and religious beliefs. In a global marketplace diversity is theorised as a corporation that employs a diverse workforce in that includes both genders, people of many generations and those from ethnically

A Story of Three Progressives Free Essays

string(67) " and more than likely offers little or no intrinsic satisfactions\." A Story of Three Progressives Three classic theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber have discussed and analyzed the complexity of modernization. Modernization is a broad concept that refers to major social changes which occur when a pre-industrial society develops economically and the workplace shifts from the home to the factory (industrialization), people move from farms into cities where jobs are available (urbanization), and large-scale formal organizations emerge (bureaucratization). Each of these sociologists have developed major theoretical and methodological statements on the topic of modernization and many of their theories that were made a century or two ago still hold true today. We will write a custom essay sample on A Story of Three Progressives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with Karl Marx, an extreme revolutionary of the 19th century, he argued that modernization is an ascendancy of industrial capitalism. His idea of modernity was shaped by three developments in history: the French revolutions of 1789 and 1848, the industrial and agricultural revolutions in Britain, and the collapse of the church’s intellectual credibility. Despite living his life when most of Europe was still agricultural and artisanal; most European states were still dominated by monarchical power; and most Europeans still went to church, Marx understood industrial labor and some of its future effects. Marx depicts modernization as a capitalist society working as a system, in which each group or individual works to fulfill the need of another. As soon as an individual enters a capitalist society, he is socialized into a certain role or behavior which fulfills the needs of that society (role meaning either a proletariat or a capitalist). For instance, if an individual is a proletariat he must work for a capitalist to satisfy the needs of the society. (cite communist manifesto somewhere). This division between the proletarians and the capitalists are enforced for the benefit of the owners so that they can exploit the working class for their own means, but the working class does not resist because this system has become normalized. The two classes work as a â€Å"team† and through a hierarchy create a productive society. Overall, Marx thinks of modernization as a world where individuals rely on each other to function, and each individual is assigned a role. Next, Emile Durkheim stressed that modernization involves an increased division of labor (specialized economic activity), and a shift from mechanical to organic solidarity. This academic discusses division of labor as a necessary tool for a productive society, but it is also a natural occurrence. Durkheim proceeds from the concept that the division is an organic outgrowth of a society in which different people have different interests and skills. Therefore, a society in which individuals specialize in producing a good or service will be more efficient than a society that is generalized. Durkheim’s view of modernization explains that iindividuals no longer perform the same tasks, have the same interests, nor necessarily share the same perspectives on life. But, Durkheim makes it clear that this does not cause a society to fail or disintegrate, instead organic solidarity is formed. Similar to the organs within a body, individuals perform certain specific functions, but rely on the well-being and successful performance of other individuals. If one organ fails, the rest of them fail as well. A body, or in this case a society, cannot function at all if one part crumbles. This reliance upon each other for social (and even physical) survival is the source of organic solidarity and the modern world’s interdependency in a society. Lastly, Max Weber analyzed modernization as the replacement of tradition with rationality. He felt that society will become more complicated, specialized, professionalized, and stratified in the modern world. Prayer and religion will no longer be aspects that fix and/or help solve problems. Science will be the rational way of thought and will be the dominate way of finding a solution. Specialization will result in professionalism, which in turn will bring more order to the modern world as every segment of every job will have a â€Å"specialist†. In general, modernization to Weber meant society will be controlled by managers and experts, and rationality will dictate the way of life. Each of these theorists have strong opinions on modernization and developed what they believe will be the effects of it in the future. Between Marx, Durkheim, and Weber, various theoretical arguments have been made, each being extremely progressive thoughts for the time period they lived in. Karl Marx thinks modernization leads to both good and bad outcomes. One outcome modernization leads to is alienation. Marx believed that alienation is a systematic result of capitalism, in which both the capitalist and proletariat become isolated. This theory is based upon his observation that, in emerging industrial production, under capitalism, workers inevitably lose control of their lives and selves in not having any control of their work. Thus, workers never become autonomous, self-realized human beings in any significant sense. Karl Marx attributes four types of alienation in labor under capitalism. The first type is when the worker becomes alienated from his own human potential. The workplace is no longer a place of fulfillment, but instead where the worker feels the least human and the least like himself. Ultimately, the worker becomes a machine that is controlled. The next type of alienation occurs between workers. This happens because capitalism reduces labor to a commodity to be traded on the market, rather than a true social relationship. Even if a worker is side by side another worker, he is unlikely to communicate with him due to the nature of capitalism (e. . an assembly line using technology does not allow one to speak with a fellow worker). Thirdly, the worker becomes alienated from the product itself. This occurs because the capitalist class controls the worker and in turn owns the product. In fact, a worker must buy the product he makes for the same price as anyone else. Lastly, a worker becomes alienated from the entire production process. This means that the actua l work becomes mindless, meaningless, and more than likely offers little or no intrinsic satisfactions. You read "A Story of Three Progressives" in category "Papers" Similarly, a worker who performs a very specialized task may not even know what the final product will be. Another outcome Marx believes modernization leads to is social stratification. Social stratification means that working class people are not likely to advance socioeconomically, while the wealthy people may continue to exploit the proletariat generation after generation. Marx identified that the social classes are stratified based on their connection to the means of production and therefore the ruling class, bourgeoisie, and proletarians, maintain their social positions by maintaining their elationship with the means of production. This maintenance of status quo is achieved by various methods of social control employed by the bourgeoisie within many aspects of social life (e. g. religion). Marx also strongly believed modernization would cause products and/or commodities to have exchange value. This meant that instead of products being used immediately, they would be exchanged in the market for money or other objects. This use value is connected to the relationship between human needs and tangible objects that can satisfy those needs. For instance, shoes have the purpose of protecting ones feet and bread has the use value of satisfying hunger. If an individual chooses to trade one of these objects for the other than he has given each an exchange value. According to Marx, the various exchange values of commodities reflect the various amounts of labor, measured in time, that their production requires. Commodities and their use value lead to Marx’s idea on the â€Å"fetishism of commodities. † This is when the commodity takes on its own form. This can be something an individual produces or even one’s own labor. One’s own labor can even become a commodity, as it bought and sold and therefore requires an exchange value. This idea also relates to alienation mentioned above. A workers labor is used by the capitalist to make the objects that ultimately come to dominate the workers. Hence, commodities are the source of alienation because workers produce for the sake of others instead of for their own purposes and needs. Similarly, the fetishism of commodities can be interpreted into the concept of reification. Reification is the process of coming to believe that humanly created social forms are natural, universal, and absolute things. This implies that people believe that social structures are beyond their control and unchangeable. Marx believed capitalism would cause reification to occur and create a self-fulfilling prophecy in which structures actually do become the character others believe they are. This concept demonstrates that capitalism will not only lead to objects given value, but people as well. Marx also feels that modernization leads to wants becoming needs, and needs reating more needs. In other words, the satisfaction of one’s needs can lead to the creation of new needs. Ritzers example for this is how the production of cars satisfied the need for long-distance travel, but led to a new need for highways. Also, at one time people did not feel they needed cars when the car was first invented, but nowadays most people feel they need them. Therefore, Marx concluded that la bor occurs in response to needs, but the labor itself transforms needs, which can lead to new forms of productive activity. One final thought Karl Marx thought capitalism would create was a proletariat revolution. Because the capitalist exploit the workers, Marx believed that sooner or later the proletarians would fight back. As capitalism progresses more and more people become workers, and less people become capitalists. Marx thought that with increasing numbers of workers, more resistance to exploitation and oppression would occur, ultimately leading to a confrontation and revolution. Despite these thoughts, Marx felt that capitalism was a step in the right direction. The birth of capitalism opened up new possibilities for freedom of workers and provides possibility for freedom from the traditions from previous societies (pre capitalism). Though, Marx was an advocate of Communism and believed this was the answer to a change in mode of production. Next, Emile Durkheim has theories on the effects of modernization as well. First, Durkheim believes modernization leads to dynamic density. Over time, societies go through a transition from being more primitive/mechanical, to being more modern/organic; the difference lying in the source of their solidarity, or what holds them together (Ritzer, 2007). The cause of this transition is an increase in dynamic density. One may think the solution to this problem is to have a growing or increasing population, but this is not sufficient enough to create change in the division of labor. The reason for this is that individuals and small groups of people can live in relative isolation from one another and still perform most of the tasks necessary for survival themselves, no matter how big the overall population gets (Ritzer, 2007). Therefore, a growing population must also increase the frequency with which people interact within and between social groups. This increase in dynamic density is likely to cause a division of labor and the transformation of social solidarity. As mentioned above, Durkheim developed two terms: mechanical and organic solidarity. A society characterized by mechanical solidarity means a unified one in which every person is a generalist. This society is held together because each individual is engaged in a similar activity as the another, and can therefore relate with each other. Contrasting, organic solidarity is held together by the differences among people and the fact that each individual has a different job or task. Durkheim believed that modern society was one in which there are a narrow range of tasks and many people must work in order to survive. Therefore, modern society is held together by the specialization of people and their need for the services of many others. Unfortunately, according to Durkheim, this means that modern societies have weaker shared understandings, norms, and beliefs than primitive ones, but are more likely to be cohesive from the division of labor. Along with dynamic density, Durkheim was concerned about the moral â€Å"health†of modern society. He felt that morality was connected with society and therefore society could not be immoral, but it could possibly lose its moral force if the collective interest of society became nothing but self-interests of individuals. Durkheim also felt that people were in risk of a â€Å"pathological† loosening of moral bonds (Ritzer, 2007). Without this, people would be in search of more and more gratification, leading to more and more needs. Every human being will want more and society will start to not limit these needs. Durkheim called this the â€Å"insatiable desire† that modernization would endure. In summary, Durkheim debates in The Division of Labor that moral solidarity has changed in modern society and that modern society allows for more interdependence and closer, less competitive relations. Lastly, Max Weber thinks modernization leads to a variety of outcomes. The first outcome of modernization is bureaucracy. How to cite A Story of Three Progressives, Papers

Electoral Minority Political Representation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Electoral Minority Political Representation? Answer: Introduction The above quoted lines of B.R. Ambedkar from Writings And Speeches: A Ready Reference Manual clearly indicates the meaning of Constitution which forms a basic aspect of the government of all countries. A Constitution is a written or oral document of fundamental precedents or principles which guide the governance of a particular nation or country[1]. Almost every Constitution of the world provides provisions for the electoral system through which the citizens can elect their leaders or the government to be more precise. Commenting on the importance of the Electoral system and the role of each citizen within it Albert Einstein said, The strength of the Constitution lies entirely in the determination of each citizen to defend it. Only if every single citizen feels duty bound to do his share in this defense are the constitutional rights secure[2]. Therefore, the role which each individual plays in the electoral system is very significant and the exercise of that role is very important fo r the achievement of the idea condition of democracy[3]. The essay intends to shed light on the electoral system of Canada. The thesis statement of this particular essay is whether the country of Canada needs a new electoral system or not. The government of Canada is based on Constitutional Monarchy with strong democratic traditions[4]. It is interesting to note that the democracy of Canada is ranked at the 6th position among all the nations of the world with an impressive rating of 9.15 out 10, with a turnout percentage of 68.49 during the elections[5]. In the political system of Canada, the Monarch is the constitutional head of the state[6]. The Monarch is vested with the power to appoint the Prime Minister but in reality he appoints the leader of the party with the majority votes as the Prime Minister of the nation[7]. The Parliament is divided into two houses- the House of Commons and the Senate[8]. There are two major political parties in the nation, namely, Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada[9]. However, in the present times it is seen that various new political parties like Bloc Qubcois and Green Party of Canada and others. It is to be noted that "first past the post" system forms the basis of the electoral system of the country of Canada[10]. The party with the majority of the votes forms the government. However, it is often seen that one party seldom attains the majority in the general elections. Therefore, majority of the times it is seen that the government is formed by the process of coalition. As already mentioned the Parliament of the country consists of two houses- the House of Common and the Senate[11]. The House of Common consists of the members selected on the basis on the general elections and they are generally considered to be the representatives of the common people. The Senate members on the other hand, are selected by the Governor General of the nations, primary on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of the nation. Initially, the elections were called in by the Prime Minister of the country. However, in the year 2007, the Conservative Parliament of the nation passed a dictum accord ing to which the elections were to be conducted after an interval of every 4 years[12]. In line with the dictum of Larry J. Sabato given in the book Pendulum Swing, Every election is determined by the people who show up, Canada is one of the few nations of the world where the majority of the few people believe in exercising their fundamental rights[13]. It is to be noted that the number of representatives in the House of Commons from a particular region depends on the population of that region, the size of that particular region and also the economic links of that region. The aboriginals as well as the Indians also get representation in the House of Commons. The job of conducting the elections is imbued with the Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, also called by the name of Elections Canada [14]. It is to be noted that the electoral system of Canada is a flexible one in comparison to the other nations of the world. All the citizens of the nations above the age of 18 years are eligible to vote in the elections. It is to be noted that until 1970, the government had a rule according to which only the citizens over the age of 21 years were eligible to vote in the general elections[15]. According to the Constitution of the nation, The franchise the right to vote for ones representative is the fundamental political right. It produces the most direct verdict by citizens on the performance of those who govern them. It is the key stone in the arch of the modern system of political rights in this country[16]. Therefore, the government provides equal voting rights to all its citizens. The government also takes into consideration the voting rights of the aboriginals and various other entities for the elections. It is to be noted that the government of Canada provides voting rights to the Indians and others foreign people living over there provided that they forfeit their natural citizenship of their motherland. The comment of Gerald Alfred is interesting to note in this particular context, It has been said that being born Indian is being born into politics. I believe this to be true; because being born a Mohawk of Kahnawake, I do not remember a time free from the impact of political conflict[17]. The voting process of the elections conducted by the government of Canada has been designed taking into consideration the comfort level of the various entities of the country. The citizens can go to the various polling booths to cast their votes. In addition to that for the medically disabled people as well as the ones who are hospitalized there are stipulations by means of which they can cast their votes through online means in the presence of representative election officers. In case of people who are even unable to avail the services of the online voting system and w ho are residing in the far off places the election commission even provides provisions wherein they can cast their votes at a later date during the advanced polls[18]. In addition to this, at the polling booth there are officials speaking both English and French languages in a bid to help the voters. These are some of the rare features which rarely any nation provides to its citizens. The Constitution of Canada provides for the equal representation of all the entities of the nation. According to the Constitution, The electoral system should have the confidence of Ontarians and reflect their values. This statement speaks volumes about the policy of equal representation followed by the government of Canada for the selection of the representatives. It is to be noted that legitimacy is one of the most important features of the electoral system of Canada. According to the Constitution, legitimacy is the result or consequence of a good electoral system. Therefore, the government of Canada seeks to promote the legitimacy of the electoral system through the policy of equal representation of all its entities. Commenting on the aspect of equal representation, the Constitution of the nation says that The Legislative Assembly should reflect the population of Ontario in accordance with demographic representation, proportionality and representation by population among other fac tors. Therefore, the elected personnels of the House of Commons indicate the overall makeup of the population of that particular province in terms of cultural identity, ethnicity, gender, class, economy and various other parameters[19]. The Elections Canada in order to encourage the participation of the aboriginals in the elections in the year 2006 launched a campaign with the slogan I can choose to make a difference. I can vote[20]. In the opinion of B.R. Ambedkar, It is not enough to be electors only. It is necessary to be law-makers; otherwise those who can be law-makers will be the masters of those who can only be electors. Therefore, the Canadian electoral system provides provision for the equal voting rights for all its citizens, irrespective of their gender, ethnicity, education and various other attributes and also provides equal opportunity to the candidates for participating in the general elections[21]. It is to be noted that the candidates participating in the elections can participate on behalf of any of the political parties or they can even participate in the elections as individual members as well. Another important fact to be noted about the Canadian electoral system is the proportionality system which it follows for the selection of the representatives in the House of Commons. The number of representatives elected to the House of Commons from a particular region or area is directly proportional to the total population as well as the area of that region. Therefore, each of the votes casted by the voters holds significance for the candidates participating in the general elections. This policy has been designed as per the dictum of Abraham Lincoln according to whom The ballot is stronger than the bullet[22]. There are people, on the other hand, who consider that the electoral system should be modified as it does not cater to all the needs as well as the requirements of the people. These people use the argument of Euripides from his play Orestes to justify their arguments, When one with honeyed words but evil mind" Persuades the mob, great woes befall the state The major bone of contention for these people is the first past the rope policy used by the electoral system of Canada for the selection of the party which would form the government[23]. Another argument used by them is the multiple riding policy used by the electoral system[24]. These people even feel that the minorities do not get adequate representation in the elections and in the House of Commons. They are even of the opinion that there is a certain amount of regional misrepresentation in the elections and even in the House of Commons[25]. According to DaShanne Stokes, Free elections don't always result in fair elections[26]. Therefore, they repudiate the present electoral system of the nation of Canada. However, it is to be noted that the electoral system of Canada is one of the most innovated ones among the various countries of the world and the nations is considered as one of the premier ones which practices the various precepts of the concept of democracy. It is to be noted t hat the first past the rope policy used by the Canadian government is one of the most fair ones, which gives priority to the choices of the people and is in use in most of the major democratic countries of the world[27]. It is true there are instances in which the minority people do not get equal amount of representation in the House of Commons but those instances are very rare and the electoral system has special provisions which ensure that such instances do not happen on a regular basis. Moreover, changing the electoral system and making it from the grass root level would not only incur a huge amount of capital but would also lead to a significant drainage of the resources of the nations. In the opinion of Abraham Lincoln, Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties[28]. Thus, it is advisable not to change the overall electoral system of the nation but rather to modify it as per the changing needs as we ll as the requirements of the people. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the electoral system of Canada is a very fair one and provides equal opportunities to all its citizens. The electoral system also safeguards the liberty of the people and also takes into consideration the various changing needs as well as the requirements of the people and also the changing global scenario. The electoral system also safeguards the democracy of the nations and it is very important not for the nation but for the entire world as Canada is one of the major supporter of the system of democracy. References "Canadian Electoral Reform". 2018.Sfu.Ca. https://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/elections/reform.html. "Citizens Assembly". 2018.Citizensassembly.Gov.On.Ca. https://www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca/en-CA/docs/Introductory/Principles%20and%20Characteristics%20of%20Electoral%20Systems.pdf. "Elections Canada". 2018.Elections.Ca. https://elections.ca/res/rec/part/paper/aboriginal/aboriginal_e.pdf. "House Of Commons". 2018.Ourcommons.Ca. https://www.ourcommons.ca/content/Committee/421/ERRE/Brief/BR8550163/br-external/McCullochStephen-e.pdf. "Your Vote Should Count". 2018.Broadbent Institute. https://www.broadbentinstitute.ca/electoral_reform. Ahmed, Amel.Democracy and the politics of electoral system choice: engineering electoral dominance. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Bickerton, James, and Alain-G. Gagnon, eds.Canadian politics. University of Toronto Press, 2014. Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan.The limits of electoral reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Forest, Benjamin. "Electoral redistricting and minority political representation in Canada and the United States."The Canadian Geographer/Le Gographe canadien56, no. 3 (2012): 318-338. Joseph, Rebecca. 2018. "Canada Is A Full Democracy, U.S. Is Not: Report".Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/3999377/canada-us-democracy-2017/. Kohut, Tania. 2018. "What Trudeau Said: A Look Back At Liberal Promises On Electoral Reform".Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/3102270/justin-trudeau-liberals-electoral-reform-changing-promises/. Mackie, Thomas T., and Richard Rose.The international almanac of electoral history. Springer, 2016. Office, Privy. 2018. "Electoral Systems Factsheet - Canada.Ca".Canada.Ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/campaign/electoral-reform/learn-about-canadian-federal-electoral-reform/electoral-systems-factsheet.html. WILSON, JOHN, and TERENCE QUALTER. 2018. "Canadian Electoral Systems".The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/electoral-systems/.